Introduction 2 in actively deforming regions, the geometry and evolution of fluvial systems are sensitive to surface uplift. Due to local topography and subsurface geology, a drainage system. Because of the steep slopes, the streams are swift and straight, with very few tributaries, and all flow in the same direction. Drainage class 9 notes geography chapter 3 learn cbse.
The area drained by a single river system main rivers and its tributaries is referred to as drainage basin streams flowing the drainage basin form a variety of patterns. The method was implemented, and the experimental results are presented and discussed. Drainage is a term signifying the river system of an area. The antecedent and superimposed drainage systems have been discussed in detail. Check the complete notes of drainage system in india below. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and subsurface geology.
In areas of uniform rock, with little distortion by folding or faulting, the rivers develop a random branching network similar to a tree. Drainage pattern refers to the pattern of the entire river network and should not be. A drainage pattern is layout that a river and its tributaries, or set of rivers, make on the earths surface. The subject of automated delineation of river networks from. According to the configuration of the channels, drainage systems can fall into one of several categories known as drainage patterns. Check the link to download drainage system in india pdf drainage system in india pdf. A drainage basin is the topographic region from which a stream receives runoff, through flow, and groundwater flow. Quantitative description and classification of drainage patterns. Combinations of these geologic controls lead to the formation of identifiable patterns. A drainage basin is the topographic region from which a stream.
Over time, a stream system will achieve a particular drainage pattern to its network of. For example, if the largest stream in this map view entered the ocean the basin would be a third order basin. A drainage system is described as accordant if its pattern correlates to the structure and relief of the landscape over which it flows. Antecedent and superimposed discordant and 8 accordant. Ch3 drainage system of india ncert class 9 civilcoursify. If you could look down on a river from above, you would see. Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern tibet. Drainage patterns over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern to its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by local geologic factors. Pdf river drainage patterns in the new zealand alps. The number, size, and shape of the drainage basins found in an area vary and the larger the topographic map, the more information on the drainage basin is available. Drainage pattern is a term that refers to the way in which a river and its tributaries arrange themselves in the drainage basin the drainage pattern evolves over a long period of time and is affected by such factors as the underlying rock, the slope of the land, the existence or nonexistence of faultlines and tectonic movements. All of the precipitation rain or snow that falls within a drainage basin eventually flows into its stream, unless some of that water is able to cross into an adjacent drainage basin via. Classification of drainage systems of india pmf ias. Drainage patterns drainage pattern refers to the shape of the river system caused by the underlying rock.
Such appears to be the case for the columbia river that cuts across the cascade. A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots. Other articles where drainage pattern is discussed. Depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure and climate of an area, the streams in a drainage basin form certain patters. Abundance, distribution, and migration patterns of summer chum salmon in the yukon river drainage, 20142015. An upland that separates two drainage systems that are next to each other is called a.
Major indian rivers and their drainage patterns with diagram. The antecedent and superimposed drainage systems have. Annular drainage dendriticdrainage deranged drainage parallel drainage radial drainage trellis drainage. Three 3 factors that influence the development of drainage pattern are. The drainage basin acts as a funnel by collecting all the water within the area covered by the basin and channeling it to a single point. Drainage pattern drainage pattern refers to the particular plan or design which the individual stream courses collectively form. Discordant drainage patterns a drainage pattern is described as discordant if it does not correlate to the topology surface relief features and geology geological features based on both endogenetic movements and exogenetic movements of the area. Numerous smaller rivers and streams drain directly eastward to the. These tributaries enter the main river at approximately 90 degree angles, causing a. Drainage patterns are formed based on the channel and shape of rivers which forms a part of the drainage basin. River, or drainage, patterns are the spatial arrangements of streams. This exercise is typically integrated with lecture during the first two days of a chapter on fluvial geomorphology. At site and sector scale, channel morphology varies spatially and in time, but river patterns and drainage texture, or the frequency of stream lines per unit area, together determine the intricacy.
Drainage channels develop where surface runoff is enhanced and earth materials provide the least resistance to erosion. Pdf river drainage patterns in the nz alps primarily. These facts lead to the premise that drainage patterns can be used to identify soils and bedrocks on a regional. Dec 10, 2016 a drainage basin is the topographic region from which a stream receives runoff, through flow, and groundwater flow. A drainage basin is the topographic area from which a stream collects runoff, throughflow, and groundwater flow. Tributaries join at more obtuse angles on steeper slopes. The area from which the water flows to form a stream is known as its drainage basin.
Pdf in both geographic information system and terrain analysis, drainage systems are important components. On the one hand, elaborate dendritic river networks always retain an invariant structure, implying that rivers will. The term drainage describes the river system of an area. A river drain is a specific area, which is known as the catchment area of that river.
River patterns, the spatial arrangements of channels in the landscape, are determined by slope and structure. Drainage basin other terms that are used to describe drainage basins are catchment, catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, and water basin. An area drained by a river and its tributaries is known as a drainage basin. Some of the common river drainage pattern include dendritic river pattern, trellised river pattern, radial river pattern and centripetal river pattern. Pdf automatic drainage pattern recognition in river networks. Trellis drainage patterns develop where registrant rocks break up the. The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin. Types of drainage system in india pdf download government exams. In a single drainage basin, all water falling in the basin drains into the same stream. Jan 19, 2016 based on the shape and formation of river patters, there are different drainage patterns. Contribution of water by various rivers river % contribution of water brahmaputra 40 ganga 25 godavari 6. A drainage basin or river basin is an area which is drained by a single river system. A sharp loop or bend in a stream a sharp loop or bend in a pool loose curve in a pool none of the above 2.
Pdf in gis and in terrain analysis, drainage systems are important components. The shape of the pattern depends on rocks, soil, climate and the changes made to the river. The boundary line separating one drainage basin from the other is called as the watershed area. Jan 29, 2018 a tributary stream that is eroded along an underlying belt of nonresistant rock after the main drainage pattern consequent river has been established is known as a subsequent river. Brazil is drained by the amazon river, which is the centrepiece of the most extensive river system in the world, and by other systems that are notable in their own rightthe tocantinsaraguaia in the north, the paraguayparanaplata in the south, and the sao francisco in the east and northeast. Jan 19, 2016 contribution of water by various rivers river % contribution of water brahmaputra 40 ganga 25 godavari 6. Drainage patterns tell us something about the land the rivers are flowing over. A small, young stream like the st marys s on the map will have a low order. Dendritic drainage patterns look like tree branches with lots of twigs. They are governed by the topography of the land, whether a particular region is dominated by hard or soft rocks, and the gradient of the land. Dendritic drainage pattern parallel drainage pattern. A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching.
If you could look down on a river from above, you would. Abundance, distribution, and migration patterns of summer. What is drainage pattern and different types of drainage. A dendritic drainage pattern in the karoo these are tributaries in the upper reaches of the gouritz river. Introduction in geomorphology, a drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. In the early history of a network, and also when erosion is reactivated by earth movement or a fall in sea level, downcutting by trunk streams and extension of. River patterns and their meaning institut fur geologie.
Where the stream and its tributaries shape like the branches of a tree, the pattern is called dendritric. Drainage patterns depend on the topography and geology of the land accordant drainage patterns. River drainage patterns in the nz alps primarily controlled by plate tectonic strain article pdf available in nature geoscience 5. Read on to learn some common types of drainage patterns, such as. Drainage basins can range in size from a few km2, for small streams, to extremely large areas, such as the mississippi river drainage basin which covers about 40% of. Drainage patterns or nets are classified on the basis of their form and texture. Drainage patterns rivers earth processes onegeology. At site and sector scale, channel morphology varies spatially and in time, but river patterns and drainage texture, or the frequency of stream lines per unit area, together determine the intricacy, or otherwise, of topography. Stream drainage georgia southwestern state university.
Drainage texture is the relative spacing of stream lines per unit area of catchment, and. Geomorphologists and hydrologists often view streams as being part of drainage basins. Drainage pattern is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. Any elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland that separates two drainage basins is known as a water divide.
Drainage patterns are determined by regional geology and reflect control by structures, regional slope, and bedrock erosional characteristics. The geometry of a trellis drainage system is similar to that of a common garden trellis used to grow vines. The area drained by a single river system is called the drainage basin. River drainage patterns sculpt terrestrial landscapes. Drainage patterns are controlled by following factors. The complete river system of india along with origin, length of the river, their flow basin areas and discharge is given below. The significance of drainage patterns in determining regional geologic history has been known for over a century. Drainage patterns are classified on the basis of their form and texture. As the river flows along a valley, smaller tributaries feed into it from the steep slopes on the sides of mountains. Based on the formation of river patterns the drainage patterns are classified into two types discordant and concordant drainage pattern. A tributary stream that is eroded along an underlying belt of nonresistant rock after the main drainage pattern consequent river has been established is known as a subsequent river. Whether these patterns contain fingerprints of past tectonic events is debated.
Pdf a study of variables characterizing drainage patterns in river. September 2017 alaska department of fish and game divisions of sport fish and commercial fisheries. Drainage patterns are determined by regional geology and reflect control by. A drainage divide separates each drainage basin from other drainage basins. Thus the uplift and tectonic history of these regions may be partially contained in the geometry of the associated river systems, as recorded in the shapes of longitudinal and transverse river profiles and in the geometries of the drainage basins e. Sep 16, 2012 river drainage patterns in the nz alps primarily controlled by plate tectonic strain article pdf available in nature geoscience 5. Drainage patterns are formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. Gordon wolman abstract channel pattern is used to describe the plan view of a reach of river as seen from an airplane, and includes meandering, braiding. The drainage basin includes both the streams and rivers and the land surface.
The first day of class begins with a discussion of the components of a drainage basin and typical drainage basin patterns, including dendritic, parallel, trellis, rectangular, radial, annular, and multibasinal. Drainage pattern significance in airphoto identification of. Refer to figure 1 which shows a drainage basin runoff system and complete the statements below. Distinctive patterns are acquired by stream networks in consequence of adjustment to geologic structure. Channels in alluvial plains glossary bibliography biographical sketch to cite this chapter summary channel processes reflected in river morphology are erosion, transportation and sedimentation. Parallel drainage patterns form where there is a pronounced slope to the surface. Parallel drainage system is a pattern of rivers caused by steep slopes with some relief.
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